【逐句精讲YouTube影片学英文】资本主义与社会主义：哪个更好❓
YouTube 影片《Capitalism vs. Socialism: Which Works Better?》深入探討資本主義與社會主義，涵蓋經濟術語等正式表達。透過對影片逐句精講，解析專業詞彙，幫你提升聽力、口說和批判性思考。邊學英語邊拓展思維！
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There are two ways in which we can organize ourselves in a society: Capitalism and Socialism.
我们可以通过两种方式来组织我们的社会：资本主义和社会主义。
cap·it·al·ism /ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/ an economic system in which a country's businesses and industry are controlled and run for profit by private owners rather than by the government 资本主义
so·cial·ism /ˈsoʊʃəlɪz(ə)m/ a set of political and economic theories based on the belief that everyone has an equal right to a share of a country's wealth and that the government should own and control the main industries 社会主义
Capitalism is a system in which people own stuff and run things. You decide which goods to make, who to work with, what services to offer, and how much to charge.
资本主义是一种由个人拥有资源和运营事务的制度。在资本主义体系中，你决定生产什么商品、与谁合作、提供什么服务，以及如何定价。
own /oʊn/ v. to have sth that belongs to you, especially because you have bought it 拥有，有（尤指买来的东西）
拓展例句：
- Do you own your house or do you rent it? 你的房子是自己的，还是租的？
run /rʌn/ v. to be in charge of a business, etc. 管理；经营
拓展例句：
- He has no idea how to run a business. 他丝毫不懂企业管理。
goods /ɡʊdz/ things that are produced to be sold 商品；货品
To do this effectively, we form groups, call them companies, and compete with each other.
为了有效地做这些事情，我们形成了团队，称为公司，进行竞争。
form /fɔːrm/ to start a group of people, such as an organization, a committee, etc.; to come together in a group of this kind 组织；建立
拓展例句：
- They hope to form the new government. 他们希望组建新政府。
compete with each other 互相竞争
Capitalists believe that these groups create lots of wealth for their founders, their partners, their employees, and society as a whole.
资本主义者认为，这些团队为创始人、合伙人、员工和整个社会创造了大量财富。
as a whole 总的来说
拓展例句：
- His abilities are not reflective of the team as a whole. 他的能力并不代表整个队的水平。
Socialism relies on government officials to get things done. There are different ideas about how to create such a system, but most socialists agree that the state should own some property, regulate what we can or can't do, and offer social services.
社会主义则依赖政府官员来推动社会进程。虽然不同的社会主义者有不同的观点，但大多数社会主义者认为国家应该拥有一些财产，规范我们可以或不能做的事情，并提供社会服务。
government official 政府官员
prop·erty /ˈprɑːpərti/ a thing or things that are owned by sb; a possession or possessions 所有物；财产；财物
regu·late /ˈreɡjuleɪt/ to control sth by means of rules（用规则条例）约束，控制，管理
social service 社会服务：一种旨在促进社会福祉的活动，具体包括组织的慈善援助（如咨询、职业培训或经济支持）
Socialists believe that political leaders can establish rules to share a nation's wealth fairly which then makes all people better off.
社会主义者相信，政治领导人可以制定规则来公平地分配国家财富，从而使所有人都受益。
political leader 政治领导人
establish rules 制定规则：建立一套规则或制度，以指导行为或管理某个组织或团体。
fair·ly /ˈferli/ in a fair and reasonable way; honestly 公平合理地；公正地
better off 处于更好的境地，比过去更有钱，或比大多数人更有钱
So both, the socialist and the capitalist, want to maximize well being for all of us, but have inherently different ideas of how to do that, and are afraid of each other.
因此，资本主义者和社会主义者都希望最大化大家的福祉，但他们有着根本不同的理念，并且彼此担心。
maxi·mize /ˈmæksɪmaɪz/ to make the best use of sth 充分利用；最大限度地利用
well being 健康幸福：指身体健康、心理愉悦或经济繁荣的状态；福祉。
in·her·ent·ly /ɪnˈherəntli/ adv. 内在地，固有地
be afraid of each other 害怕彼此
To maximize wellbeing, capitalists support the freedom of the individual. They want a world where Simple Joe can sell his own apples, in front of his house, at the price he chooses, hire anyone interested to help for the money he is willing to pay, and keep most of his profits.
为了最大化福祉，资本主义者支持个人自由。他们希望创造一个世界，在这个世界里，Simple Joe可以在他家门口卖自己的苹果，按照自己选择的价格出售，雇佣任何愿意帮助的人，支付他们他愿意支付的工资，并保留大部分利润。
freedom of the individual 个人的自由
In an anarcho-capitalist utopia, there would not even be a state, all schools would be private, and police, courts and military would only exist if they could be formed on a voluntary basis.
在一个无政府资本主义的乌托邦中，甚至不会有国家存在，所有学校都将是私立的，警察、法院和军队只有在自愿的基础上成立。
anarcho- 来自“anarchic /əˈnɑːrkɪk/ adj. 无政府的；无政府主义的”
anarcho-capitalist 无政府资本主义者：主张将政府的职能最小化，以实现个人自由和财产权的最大化的人。无政府资本主义者认为，市场竞争和自愿交换是解决社会问题的最佳途径。
uto·pia /juːˈtoʊpiə/ an imaginary place or state in which everything is perfect 乌托邦；空想的完美境界
on a voluntary basis 自愿地，志愿地，在自愿的基础上
The capitalist fears the socialist, because they have reason to believe that once we transfer money, property and power to the collective, it will be those who control us who will first help themselves, then limit individual freedoms and make us dependent on welfare programs, and finally impoverish society.
资本主义者害怕社会主义者，因为他们有理由相信，一旦我们将金钱、财产和权力转交给集体，那么首先得到帮助的将是那些控制我们的人，他们会先帮助自己，然后限制个人自由，让我们依赖福利项目，最终让社会变得贫困。
have reason to believe that...有理由相信...
col·lect·ive /kəˈlektɪv/ a group of people who own a business or a farm and run it together; the business that they run 企业集团；合作农场；集体企业
limit individual freedom 限制个人自由
welfare program 福利计划，福利项目
im·pov·er·ish /ɪmˈpɑːvərɪʃ/ to make sb poor 使贫穷
Socialists want to maximize well being by regulating our behavior.
社会主义者希望通过规范我们的行为来最大化福祉。
They prefer a world in which Simple Joe only sells apples of a certain type, does so only in designated areas, pays his helpers a minimum wage, charges affordable prices, and shares most of his profits with those who have less.
他们更喜欢一个世界，在这个世界里，Simple Joe 只能卖某种类型的苹果，只能在指定区域售卖，支付助手最低工资，收取合理的价格，并将大部分利润与贫困者分享。
designated area 指定区域：被指定用于特定目的的区域，通常有明确的标识和规定的使用方式。
wage /weɪdʒ/ a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services（通常指按周领的）工资，工钱
minimum wage 最低工资
affordable price 实惠的价格：指价格合理、经济实惠的价格。
In a socialist utopia, all of us would get to have equal access to education, enjoy the same standard of living, and benefit from plenty of state-funded services, including an unconditional basic income.
在社会主义的乌托邦中，我们每个人都能平等地接受教育，享有相同的生活水平，受益于大量国家资助的服务，包括无条件的基本收入。
have equal access to... 获得…的平等机会
standard of living the amount of money and level of comfort that a particular person or group has 生活水平
plenty of 很多的，大量的
state-funded 国有的，国家资助的，国立的
un·con·di·tion·al /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃən(ə)l/ without any conditions or limits 无条件的；无限制的；绝对的
basic income 基本收入：一种政府向所有公民或居民提供的无条件的、定期的现金支付，旨在确保每个人都能满足基本生活需求。
The socialist fears the capitalist, because they have reason to believe that if people are allowed to keep all their money, property and liberties, they would act immoral, pollute the environment, or abuse their power and eventually make living conditions worse for everyone—except the very rich.
社会主义者害怕资本主义者，因为他们有理由认为，如果人们被允许保留所有的金钱、财产和自由，他们将会做出不道德的行为，污染环境或滥用权力，最终使每个人的生活条件变得更差——除了极少数富人。
im·moral /ɪˈmɔːrəl/ ( of people and their behaviour人及行为 ) not considered to be good or honest by most people 不道德的；邪恶的
pollute the environment 污染环境：指通过排放有害物质、破坏自然生态系统等行为对环境造成损害和污染。
abuse the power 滥用职权
living condition 生活条件；居住环境
What most people don't know is that both socialists and capitalists fear big business.
大多数人不知道的是，资本主义者和社会主义者都害怕大企业。
Capitalists fear big companies because they use their power to influence the government to create laws that restrict the success of smaller businesses. Capitalists are hence not pro-business, they are pro-market.
资本家害怕大公司，因为他们利用自己的权力影响政府，制定限制小企业成功的法律。因此，资本家不支持商业，他们支持市场。
re·strict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ to stop sb/sth from moving or acting freely 束缚；妨碍；阻碍
hence /hens/ ( formal )for this reason 因此；由此
pro- ( in adjectives构成形容词) in favour of; supporting 拥护；支持；亲
Socialists fear large corporations, because they use their power to establish regulations that benefit themselves but make everyone else worse off. Socialists are not pro-business, they are pro-state.
社会主义者则害怕大公司，因为这些公司利用它们的权力制定有利于自己的法规，但让其他人处于更糟糕的境地。社会主义者并不支持企业，而是支持国家。
worse off 愈加贫穷的；每况愈下的
Now to understand which of the two is better, we can study people who live along a spectrum of the two extremes by looking at wealth, the key promise of capitalists, equality, the main promise of socialists, and levels of happiness.
那么，怎样才能了解哪种制度更好呢？我们可以通过研究那些生活在两种极端之间的国家，观察财富——资本主义的关键承诺，平等——社会主义的主要承诺，以及幸福感的差异来分析。
live along a spectrum of 生活在……的范围内
spec·trum /ˈspektrəm/ a complete or wide range of related qualities, ideas, etc. 范围；各层次；系列；幅度
词汇拓展：
- a broad spectrum of interests 广泛的兴趣范围
key promise 关键承诺 main promise 主要的承诺
level of happiness 幸福感水平：一个人在某个时间点或某个时期内所感受到的幸福程度。
Let’s first examine economic freedom around the world.
首先，让我们看看世界各国的经济自由度。
economic freedom 经济自由：指个人和企业在生产、分配和消费财富时所享有的自由，包括财产权、自由贸易、自由竞争等方面。
around the world 全世界
Capitalist countries have higher levels of economic freedom. When countries offer less freedom, it's often due to socialism. But may also be thanks to religious fanaticism, civil war, or other factors.
资本主义国家通常具有更高的经济自由度。当一个国家自由度较低时，通常是因为社会主义因素，但也可能与宗教狂热、内战或其他因素有关。
thanks to 由于；因为
religious fanaticism /rɪˈlɪdʒəs fəˈnætɪsɪzəm/ 宗教狂热
civil war 内战
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